Hello, my name is Balmori Alonso Lopez Ramos and I live in Laval. I have been studying general sciences for a year at Ahuntsic College. My field of study is very similar to the fields of pure and applied sciences as well as health sciences and biology. This glossary could be useful for students that study these scientific programs and new students of this academic field. It contains terms that are in the vocabulary of natural sciences and are commonly used in the fields of study of biology. By learning these words and their meaning, students of this study field can have a better understanding of multiple scientific terms.
cancer
noun
A disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.
Example: CANCER is caused by mutations in tumour suppressor genes, oncogenes and DNA repair genes due to exposure to environmental mutagens.
fr: cancer
chemotherapy
noun
The treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances, especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs.
Example: Anemia may also occur in cancer patients as a consequence of the disease or as an adverse effect from the CHEMOTHERAPY treatment they receive.
fr: chimiothérapie
gland
noun
An organ in the human or animal body which secretes particular chemical substances for use in the body or for discharge into the surroundings.
Example: The founder cells each display a characteristic cell cycle rate and lineage: The AB lineage produces hypodermis, neurons, anterior pharynx and other cell types; MS produces the somatic gonad, muscle, the majority of the pharynx, neurons and GLAND cells.
fr: glande
implant
verb
Insert or fix (tissue or an artificial object) in a person's body, especially by surgery.
Example: For the last four years she has had an Implanon (etonogesterel-releasing) contraceptive IMPLANT in her left arm, although it was immediately removed following the recent cancer diagnosis.
fr: implanter
lymph
noun
A colorless fluid containing white blood cells, which bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream.
Example: The diagnosis relies upon demonstrating the presence of trypanosomes by microscopic examination of chancre fluid, LYMPH node aspirates, blood, bone marrow, or, in the late stages of infection, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
fr: lymphe
metastasis
noun
The development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer.
Example: Cancer is a collection of diseases with the common features of uncontrolled cell growth followed by METASTASIS to surrounding tissues.
fr: métastase
mitotic spindle
noun
The microtubule-based bipolar structure that segregates the chromosomes in mitosis.
Example: During division of each germline blastomere, PIE-1 initially associates with both centrosomes of the MITOTIC SPINDLE.
fr: fuseau mitotique
proliferation
noun
Rapid increase in numbers.
Example: Activated mutants of p110α p85 are able to drive tumour development through increased cell PROLIFERATION and survival, and by inducing cytoskeletal changes, by increasing the activation levels of effector proteins (such as PKB and Rho).
fr: prolifération
radiation therapy
noun
The treatment of disease, especially cancer, using X-rays or similar forms of radiation.
Example: Knowledge of receptor status also aids the selection of adjuvant therapeutics following excision or RADIATION THERAPY, and palliative therapy if metastatic disease develops.
fr: radiothérapie
surgery
noun
The branch of medical practice that treats injuries, diseases, and deformities by the physical removal, repair, or readjustment of organs and tissues, often involving cutting into the body.
Example: Conclusion There can be no disagreement that a reduction in the use of blood and blood products during SURGERY is needed, from a patient safety, resource management and financial concern.
fr: chirurgie
tissue
noun
A group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit.
Example: While in osteology lesions, breaks, tumours and infections can be studied, sometimes disease and trauma is only evident in soft TISSUE.
fr: tissu
tumor
noun
A swelling of a part of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of tissue, whether benign or malignant.
Example: So it can be seen that for a TUMOR to develop in breast tissue there has to be a series of errors, involving damage to DNA, damage to genes controlling aspects of the cell (such as DNA repair and replication) and an increased stimulus for cells to proliferate.
fr: tumeur
vasculature
noun
The vascular system of a part of the body and its arrangement.
Example: There would be an increased risk from using an epidural spinal anaesthetic due to the increased risk of bleeding if the VASCULATURE around the spinal canal was damaged during administration.
fr: système vasculaire
vessel
noun
A duct or canal holding or conveying blood or other fluid.
Example: We believe that the clot may have originated from an enlarged blood VESSEL further up, behind your knee.
fr: vaisseau
vinblastine
noun
A cytotoxic compound of the alkaloid class obtained from the Madagascar periwinkle and used in the treatment of lymphomas.
Example: Vinblastine is used as a drug in chemotherapy to prevent cancers from developing.